The Kashmir is called the heaven on earth. Irish poet Thomas Moore's 1817 romantic poem Lalla Rookh is credited with having made Kashmir (spelt Cashmere in the poem) "a household term in Anglophone (English speaking) societies", conveying the idea that it was a kind of paradise (an old idea going back to Hindu and Buddhist texts in Sanskrit). Kashmir has lush green valleys, mountains, rivers, glaciers and plains. 克什米尔被称为人间天堂。因爱尔兰诗人托马斯·摩尔（Thomas Moore）在他1817年的浪漫主义诗歌《拉拉·鲁克》（Lalla Rookh）中描写成了天堂一样的地方，克什米尔成了英语国家社会中一个家喻户晓的名字。克什米尔有郁郁葱葱的山谷、山脉、河流、冰川和平原。After the Partition of India in 1947, the former princely state of the British Indian Empire became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China. According to Burton Stein's History of India, "Kashmir was neither as large nor as old an independent state as Hyderabad; it had been created rather off-handedly by the British after the first defeat of the Sikhs in 1846, as a reward to a former official who had sided with the British. The Himalayan kingdom was connected to India through a district of the Punjab, but its population was 77 per cent Muslim and it shared a boundary with Pakistan. Hence, it was anticipated that the maharaja would accede to Pakistan when the British paramountcy ended on 14–15 August. When he hesitated to do this, Pakistan launched a guerrilla onslaught meant to frighten its ruler into submission. Instead the Maharaja appealed to Mountbatten for assistance, and the governor-general agreed on the condition that the ruler accede to India. Indian soldiers entered Kashmir and drove the Pakistani-sponsored irregulars from all but a small section of the state. The United Nations was then invited to mediate the quarrel. The UN mission insisted that the opinion of Kashmiris must be ascertained, while India insisted that no referendum could occur until all of the state had been cleared of irregulars." 1947年印度分治后，这里成了一片有争议的领土，现在由三个国家管理：印度、巴基斯坦和中国。根据Burton Stein的印度史，“克什米尔既没有海得拉巴那么大，也没有海得拉巴那么古老；1846英国人创立了这个地方，用来奖励当时帮助英国战胜锡克教徒的一位官员（其实是汉奸）。喜马拉雅王国通过旁遮普的一个地区与印度相连，但其人口中77%是穆斯林，与巴基斯坦接壤。因此，大众预计这个王公会在8月14日至15日（也是印巴分治的日子，巴基斯坦和印度的国庆节）英国统治结束时加入巴基斯坦。巴基斯坦人有点猴急，在当他犹豫不决时，发动了游击队袭击，本想着恐吓一下，让他屈服，没曾想到，王公向蒙巴顿总督求助，总督同意了他加入印度。印度士兵进入克什米尔，将巴基斯坦支持的游击队赶出该邦的一小部分地区。联合国介入，提议由克什米尔人来觉得加入哪一边，也就是公投，而印度则坚持认为，要先把游击队全部剿灭，不然不可能举行全民公决。”In the last days of 1948, a ceasefire was agreed under UN auspices. However, since the plebiscite demanded by the UN was never conducted, relations between India and Pakistan soured, and eventually led to two more wars over Kashmir in 1965 and 1999. 1948年的最后几天，在联合国主持下达成了停火协议。然而，由于联合国要求的公投从未进行过，自从留下了祸根，战争的火苗从未熄灭。印度和巴基斯坦之间的关系恶化，最终导致1965年和1999年针对克什米尔的两次战争。到如今，两国还是不断有摩擦，不断有战火。The Pakistani administered Kashmir is called Azad Kashmir, while the Indian administered Kashmir is called Occupied Kashmir by the people of Pakistan. Interestingly the Chinese administered Kashmir is not talked about by Pakistani people and government. 巴基斯坦管理的克什米尔被称为阿扎德克什米尔，而印度管理的克什米尔被巴基斯坦人称为被占领的克什米尔。有趣的是，巴基斯坦人和政府并未对中国管理的克什米尔有任何异议。I will write about the Kashmir issue in detail some other time, today I will take you on a journey the Kashmir valley in Pakistan. 我将在其他一些时候详细地写克什米尔问题，今天我想带你去看看巴基斯坦的克什米尔山谷。After having breakfast in Islamabad, we left for Rawalakot in Kashmir. It takes 3 to 5 hours by road from Islamabad. We took a longer way via Muree because the other route from Kahuta has areas prone to land sliding. River Jehlam acts as a natural boundary between Punjab and Kashmir. We stopped at Kohala bridge, on Jehlam river to enjoy the cold water of Jehlam river and have a tea. The locals have placed charpai (beds) along the river under the shades. The river water was sweet and thirst quencher. The tea tasted good with half of our legs covered in cold water. 当天在伊斯兰堡吃完早餐后，我们出发前往Rawalkot。从伊斯兰堡到这开车大概要3-5小时。我们从Muree走，因为其他路可能会有塌方。Jehlam河是旁遮普和克什米尔的分界线。我们在Kohala桥下停留，坐在浸泡在河水中的床上，享受着从伊斯兰堡逃离的炎热，脚下是冰凉的河水，茶杯里的热茶更好喝了。
Restaurants have sitting places besides the river and somewhere inside the smaller portion of river. Across the Jehlam River the beautiful valley of Kashmir starts, with fruit trees, corn fields, sunflower fields and pine tree covered mountains.
跨过Jehlam河后，美丽的克什米尔就开始了，一路上的水果树、玉米地、葵花籽以及松鼠覆盖了连绵起伏的山峰。Dense tree covered mountains, with river flowing in the valley. We stopped by a walnut tree full of fresh walnut beside the road to enjoy the walnuts. 茂密的树木覆盖着群山，山谷中流淌着河流，我们在路边的一棵核桃树旁停下来欣赏胡桃，在中国的时候吃过新鲜的核桃，难以忘记的美味。新鲜的核桃，老巴在中国的时候吃过新鲜核桃，惊为天人Our first destination was a place named Suddhan Gali. It’s a small village with seemingly more guest houses than the local houses. There is a stark contrast between the local’s residence and the rest houses. The rest house we stayed was a three story building with carpeted rooms and clean environment. The locals are poor but very hospitable. A lady working in her small field saw my mother and invited us to her home. She told us that her husband works at a petrol pump in Rawalpindi and she is living with her son. Her son goes to public school which is free. Few years back the earthquake leveled her home, and they have to construct all over.
我们的第一个目的地是一个名叫Suddhan Gali的地方。这是一个小村庄，招待所的数量似乎比当地人家的房子还多。当地居民的住宅与其他住宅形成了鲜明的对比。我们住的房子是一栋三层楼高的建筑，房间铺着地毯，环境干净。当地人很穷，但很好客。一位在她的小田里工作的女士看到了我母亲，邀请我们去她家。她告诉我们，她的丈夫在拉瓦尔品第的一家加油站工作，她和儿子住在一起。她儿子上的公立学校是免费的。几年前，地震把她的家夷为平地，他们不得不重新再建房子。
Left is a small housing for chicken, on right a small room for a buffalo. 我很喜欢这样子的生活方式，采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。They hardly had any useful piece of land for growing. Big bungalows in cities like Lahore DHA may have more lawns than their farmland, yet they offered us a very tasty tea (no milk). The lady also offered to eat from her as long as we are staying there, we told her we have our own stove for cooking, on our refusal she said at least she can cook the chapati for us. 他们用来种庄稼的地方实在是太小了，拉合尔等城市的一些人家门前的草坪都要比他们种庄稼的地方大多了。但他们给我们提供了非常美味的茶（不含牛奶）。这位女士还表示只要我们呆在那里，她就可以从她那里吃东西，我们告诉她我们有自己的炉子做饭，对于我们的拒绝，她说至少她可以为我们做Roti。 From this place 7km away there is a highest peak around 10000 ft ~ 3000 meters. There is a road leading to the mountain, where you can camp and climb the mountain yourself or hire a horse to ride up the top.
从7公里外的这个地方有一座约3000米的山。可以爬到山上去露营，也可以雇一匹马骑上山顶。Wild horses can be seen enjoying the sunshine 可以看见野马在在晒日光浴。P.S，我怀疑老巴不知道这是当地人放牧的马，不是野马。A makeshift toilet for visitors The camps had Chinese written on them :P 当地人出租的露营帐篷，上面写着汉字，虽然我看的懂，但咱不敢说，咱也不敢问。：PLocals collect the garbage voluntarily to keep the area clean. Tourist from all background come here, and many of them are uncultured when it comes to garbage. 当地人自愿收集垃圾，以保持该地区的清洁。来自不同背景的游客来到这里，当谈到垃圾时，他们中的许多人都是没有文化的。There were a lot variety of small flowers on the top.
Panoramic view near the top. The horses drop until this place. Rest have to climb ourself Some views from the top.靠近顶部的全景。马一直停到这个地方。其余的人都得自己爬上去，从高处看一些风景 Two young girls with a guide climb all they way to the top on foot. Young climbers in making. 两个年轻女孩在向导的带领下徒步一路爬到山顶。年轻的攀岩者在攀登。An eco friendly mobile shop on the mountain Many people also travel on bikes. There are groups on facebook for people who travel across Pakistan on bikes, they can guide you and also post their adventure. They even post the must carry items list for bikers. Bikes can go even where the Jeeps can’t go, also its much cheaper. 许多人也骑摩托车旅行。facebook上有一些骑自行车穿越巴基斯坦的小组，会有人指导，他们还发布了他们的冒险经历。甚至贴了摩托车车手必带的物品清单。自行车可以去吉普车不能去的地方，也便宜得多。Even cheaper than the public transport. Fuel cost of only 3 Rs per Km for a single person. And if two persons sharing a bike it comes to 1.5 Rs per Km per person. 骑摩托车旅行甚至比公共交通更便宜。单人每公里仅需3卢比的燃油成本。如果两个人共用一辆自行车，那么每人每公里的车资为1.5卢比。Banjosa Lake is an artificial lake and a tourist resort 18 kilometers (11 mi) from the city of Rawalakot in Poonch District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located at an altitude of 1,981 meters (6,499 ft). The lake is surrounded by dense pine forest and mountains, which make it charming and romantic. 班卓萨湖是一个人工湖，是一个旅游胜地，距离巴基斯坦阿扎德克什米尔Ponch区的拉瓦拉科特市18公里。海拔1981米（6499英尺）。湖的四周是茂密的松林，群山拥抱着这个人工小湖，使它迷人而浪漫。The weather in the area remains cool in Summers and cold in Winter. In December and January snowfall also occurs here and the temperature falls to -5°C. During Summer, the temperature remains 16°C to 25°C. 这里夏天气候凉爽，冬天天气寒冷。在12月和1月，这里也会下雪，气温降至-5°C。夏季，气温保持在16°C至25°C之间。From the lake, we climbed up the mountain to a small market place (a few shops), the view was incredible with thick grass covering the rocky road and the surroundings and the thick blanket of pine trees makes it harder to find a bare patch of ground. 我们从湖边爬上山，来到一个小市场（几家商店），那里的景色令人难以置信，厚厚的草地覆盖着岩石路面和周围的环境，茂密的松林让我们找不到一块空地稍作停留。Morning dew glittering like diamonds Dense forest surrounding the guest house and lakeVisitors and families enjoying the few motor boats available Old rocky track now covered in grass gives a cinematic view.
